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CheckStyle、cobertura、Findbugs与Maven2的集成[转]

    博客分类:
  • JAVA
 
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(一)

CheckStyle(http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-checkstyle-plugin/usage.html )、FindBugs(http://mojo.codehaus.org/findbugs-maven-plugin/2.0.1/usage.html 集成到 Maven 中,代码检查可以通过构建工具自动完成。

将cobertura(http://mojo.codehaus.org/cobertura-maven-plugin/usage.html集成到 Maven 中,可生成单元测试覆盖率报告。

那么,如何将配置集中化,以便在完成一次项目构建时不必手动处理配置呢?

使用 Maven 内置的依赖项机制可轻松解决问题。

1.      安装jdk1.5 ,配置JAVA_HOMEpath 中加上%JAVA_HOME%\bin

2.      安装Maven ,配置MAVEN_HOMEpath 中加上%MAVEN_HOME%\bin

3.      配置Maven 的插件安装目录,修改conf\ 下的settings.xml 文件,修改其中的<localRepository> ,如D:/app/m2/repository

4.      配置Maven 的可用内存(防止内存溢出),修改文件%MAVEN_HOME%\bin\mvn.bat ,在@REM set MAVEN_OPTS=-Xdebug -Xnoagent -Djava.compiler=NONE... 下添加一行set MAVEN_OPTS= -Xms256m Xmx 1024 m

使用配置管理工具如 SVN 将代码下载到本地。

 

(二)

首先,修改要检查代码库 top 级的 pom.xml 文件,在build pluginManagement和 build plugins以及 reporting 部分配置 插件,以便于下载安装对应版本的插件( Maven 会自动从其镜像库中下载),方法如下:

<project>

  ...

  <build>

<!-- To define the plugin version in your parent POM -->

  <pluginManagement>

  <plugins>

       <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3</version>             
     </plugin> 

     <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1</version>        
         </plugin> 
         <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
         </plugin>

  ...

  </plugins>

  </pluginManagement>

  <!-- To use the plugin goals in your POM or parent POM -->

  <plugins>

       <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3</version>             
     </plugin> 

     <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1</version>        
         </plugin> 
         <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
           <artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.5</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
         </plugin>

  ...

  </plugins>

  </build>

  ...

  <!-- To use the report goals in your POM or parent POM -->

  <reporting>

  <plugins>

               <plugin>

                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                    <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>

                        <configuration>

                                     <configLocation>Loong_Checks.xml</configLocation>

                         </configuration>

                         <version>2.3</version>      

               </plugin>

               <plugin>

                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                                <artifactId>maven-surefire-report-plugin</artifactId>

                                <version>2.5</version>

               </plugin>     

               <plugin>

                      <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

                      <artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>

                      <version>2.4</version>

               </plugin>

               <plugin>
                   <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                   <artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                   <version>2.0.1</version>
                   <configuration>
                             <xmlOutput>true</xmlOutput>
                             <effort>Max</effort>
                    </configuration>         
               </plugin>  

           ...

  </plugins>

  </reporting>

  ...

  </project>

maven-checkstyle-plugin 的最新版本为 2.5 ,其对应的 CheckStyle 核心版本为 5.0 maven-checkstyle-plugin 2.3 对应的 CheckStyle 核心版本为 4.4 。查看maven仓库中checkstyle插件的 pom 文件,可看到如下内容,其中的版本号就为对应的 CheckStyle 的版本号。其他插件与此同理。

<dependency>

  <groupId>checkstyle</groupId>

  <artifactId>checkstyle</artifactId>

  <version>4.4</version>

  </dependency>

 

(三)

接下来,将自定义的checkstyle 规则配置文件my_Checks.xml拷贝到 top 级目录

也可以将配置文件放在子文件夹下,配置中带上相对路径即可。

<reporting>

    <plugins>

     ……

        <plugin>

            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

            <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>

            <configuration>

               <configLocation>build-tools/src/main/resources/xx/my_checks.xml</configLocation>

            </configuration>

            <version>2.3</version>

        </plugin>

     ……

    </plugins>

</reporting>

 如果使用插件自带的规则文件,可以作如下配置。 maven-checkstyle-plugin 插件自带的规则有 sun_checks.xml maven_checks.xml 等,可查看插件包。

<reporting>

    <plugins>

           ……

               <plugin>

                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                 <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>

                 <configuration>

                            <configLocation>config/maven_checks.xml</configLocation>

                </configuration>

                 <version>2.3</version>        

               </plugin>

           ……

    </plugins>

</reporting>

 

(四)

reporting 部分增加 jxr 插件(http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-jxr-plugin/usage.html ),生成代码报告,这样在 CheckStyle、Findbugs等 报告中点击问题对应的链接就可以直接看到出错的代码。

         <reporting>

             <plugins>

              ……

 

               <plugin>

                      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                    <artifactId>maven-jxr-plugin</artifactId>

               </plugin>   

             ……           

             </plugins>

       </reporting>           

 

(五)

这些插件都是针对代码级的检查,生成的报告也是按照代码目录组织的,如果想要生成一个整体情况的报告,需要使用dashboard插件(http://mojo.codehaus.org/dashboard-maven-plugin/usage.html ),生成聚合报告,修改pom文件,在build pluginManagement和 build plugins以及 reporting部分配置dashboard插件:

<project>

  ...

         <build>

<!-- To define the plugin version in your parent POM -->

                    <pluginManagement>

                           <plugins>

                                      <plugin>

                                               <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

                                               <artifactId>dashboard-maven-plugin</artifactId>

                                               <version>1.0.0-beta-1</version>

                                      </plugin>

                                      ...

                             </plugins>

                    </pluginManagement>

           <!-- To use the plugin goals in your POM or parent POM -->

                    <plugins>

                             <plugin>

                                      <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

                                      <artifactId>dashboard-maven-plugin</artifactId>

                                      <version>1.0.0-beta-1</version>

                             </plugin>

                             ...

                    </plugins>

           </build>

           ...

  <!-- To use the report goals in your POM or parent POM -->

           <reporting>

                  <plugins>

                             <plugin>

                                      <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

                                      <artifactId>dashboard-maven-plugin</artifactId>

                                      <version>1.0.0-beta-1</version>

                             </plugin>

                             ...

                    </plugins>

           </reporting>

           ...

  </project>

 

(六)

要注意插件仓库的配置,如果项目maven仓库未提供插件的相关版本,有时构建时会报错找不到相关插件,需要修改pom文件:

<pluginRepositories>

                   <pluginRepository>

                            <id>Codehaus repository</id>

                            <url>http://repository.codehaus.org/</url>

                   </pluginRepository>                  

         </pluginRepositories>

 

(七)

与其他插件不同,要想在dashboard聚合报告中包含FindBugs报告,需要在pom文件中对FindBugs作如下配置(http://mojo.codehaus.org/dashboard-maven-plugin/findbugs_support.html ):

<reporting>

         <plugins>

                   ...

                   <plugin>

                            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>

                            <artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>

                            <version>2.0.1</version>

                            <configuration>

                                     <xmlOutput>true</xmlOutput>

                                     <effort>Max</effort>

                            </configuration>

                   </plugin>

                   ...

         </plugins>

</reporting>

WARNING :

  • Minimum version of findbugs-maven-plugin 1.1.1 required.
  • Do not use the findbugs "<xmlOutputDirectory/>" config option if you want the dashboard to include the findbugs summary section. see MOJO-987 JIRA issue.

 

(八)

打开命令窗口,用 cd 命令转到项目所在的目录下。使用 mvn install 命令将 pom 文件中配置的插件下载安装到本地,然后使用 mvn site 命令进行检查并生成报告,用mvn dashboard:dashboard命令聚合报告。运行完毕,项目各子模块目录下会生成 target 目录, target\site下 即为该项目的问题报告。如果只想检查指定目录,则cd到该目录下执行mvn命令即可。

这样生成的报告是默认的样式,默认的内容(项目pom文件reporting配置的报告都会生成),关于maven site的自定义配置和高级用法,参见 maven2站点的定制和发布

 

(九)

如果运行 mvn checkstyle:checkstyle mvn site 过程中出现如下错误,则应该修改 CheckStyle 规则配置文件,去除其中的中文字符。

“[ERROR] BUILD ERROR

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] An error has occurred in Checkstyle report generation.

 

Embedded error: Failed during checkstyle configuration

Invalid byte 1 of 1-byte UTF-8 sequence.

 

(十)

 如果 checkstyle 跳过代码检查,提示 ” Source directory does not exist - skipping report.” ,可能是源码路径不对,默认路径为${project.build.sourceDirectory},默认是 src\main\java 。配置 sourceDirectory 属性,如下所示:

         <reporting>

             <plugins>

              ……

               <plugin>

                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                 <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>

                 <configuration>

                            <configLocation>my_checks.xml</configLocation>

                            <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>

                </configuration>

                  <version>2.3</version>      

               </plugin>

               ……

             </plugins>

       </reporting>

 WARNING :

关于各插件的参数配置,具体可以参考官网Goals 页面,点击基本Goals 如(checkstyle:checkstyle,findbugs:findbugs)进入页面,即可看到参数列表。

 

(十一)

checkstyle规则的选取很重要,sun_checks很严格,不一定适合所有项目,所以需要 根据项目实际情况和要求,配置checkstyle 规则配置文件。

一个典型的checkstyle规则配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE module PUBLIC
    "-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Check Configuration 1.2//EN"
    "
http://www.puppycrawl.com/dtds/configuration_1_2.dtd ">< xmlnamespace prefix ="o" ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

<module name="Checker">
 <property name="severity" value="warning"/>

    <!-- Checks that a package.html file exists for each package.     -->
    <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_javadoc.html#PackageHtml -->
    <module name="PackageHtml">
        <property name="severity" value="ignore"/>
    </module>

    <!-- Checks whether files end with a new line.                        -->
    <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_misc.html#NewlineAtEndOfFile -->
    <module name="NewlineAtEndOfFile">
    <property name="fileExtensions" value="MF"/>
    </module>

    <!-- Checks that property files contain the same keys.         -->
    <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_misc.html#Translation -->
    <module name="Translation"/>


    <module name="TreeWalker">
        <property name="tabWidth" value="4"/>
       
        <!-- Checks for whitespace                               -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_whitespace.html -->
        <module name="EmptyForIteratorPad"/>
        <module name="MethodParamPad"/>
        <module name="NoWhitespaceAfter">
            <property name="tokens" value="BNOT,DEC,DOT,INC,LNOT"/>
        </module>
        <module name="NoWhitespaceBefore"/>
        <module name="OperatorWrap"/>
        <module name="ParenPad"/>
        <module name="TypecastParenPad"/>
        <module name="WhitespaceAfter"/>
        <module name="WhitespaceAround">
            <property name="tokens" value="ASSIGN,BAND,BAND_ASSIGN,BOR,BOR_ASSIGN,BSR,BSR_ASSIGN,BXOR,BXOR_ASSIGN,COLON,DIV,DIV_ASSIGN,EQUAL,GE,LAND,LE,LITERAL_ASSERT,LITERAL_CATCH,LITERAL_DO,LITERAL_ELSE,LITERAL_FINALLY,LITERAL_FOR,LITERAL_IF,LITERAL_RETURN,LITERAL_SYNCHRONIZED,LITERAL_TRY,LITERAL_WHILE,LOR,MINUS_ASSIGN,MOD,MOD_ASSIGN,NOT_EQUAL,PLUS_ASSIGN,QUESTION,SL,SLIST,SL_ASSIGN,SR,SR_ASSIGN,STAR,STAR_ASSIGN,LITERAL_ASSERT,TYPE_EXTENSION_AND,WILDCARD_TYPE"/>
        </module>
       
       
        <!-- Checks for Size Violations.                    -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_sizes.html -->
        <module name="FileLength"/>
        <!-- LineLength is controlled in eclipse, auto fomatting when saving files -->
<!-- <module name="LineLength">
     <property name="max" value="120"/>
 </module> -->
        <module name="MethodLength"/>
        <module name="ParameterNumber"/>    
          

        <!-- Checks for Naming Conventions.                  -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_naming.html -->
        <module name="ConstantName"/>
        <module name="LocalFinalVariableName">
            <property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
        </module>
        <module name="LocalVariableName">
            <property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
        </module>
        <module name="MemberName">
            <property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
        </module>
        <module name="MethodName"/>
        <module name="PackageName"/>
        <module name="ParameterName">
            <property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
        </module>
        <module name="StaticVariableName">
            <property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
        </module>
        <module name="TypeName"/>
       
       
        <!-- Modifier Checks                                    -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_modifiers.html -->
        <module name="ModifierOrder"/>
        <module name="RedundantModifier"/>
       

        <!-- Miscellaneous other checks.                   -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_misc.html -->
        <module name="ArrayTypeStyle"/>
        <!-- <module name="FinalParameters"/> -->
        <!-- <module name="GenericIllegalRegexp">
            <property name="severity" value="ignore"/>
            <property name="format" value="\s+$"/>
            <property name="message" value="Line has trailing spaces."/>
        </module> -->
        <module name="UpperEll"/>
       

        <!-- Checks for blocks. You know, those {}'s         -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_blocks.html -->
        <module name="EmptyBlock">
            <property name="option" value="text"/>
        </module>
        <module name="LeftCurly"/>
        <module name="NeedBraces"/>
        <module name="RightCurly"/>
        <module name="AvoidNestedBlocks"/>       


        <!-- Checks for class design                         -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_design.html -->
        <module name="FinalClass"/>
        <module name="InterfaceIsType"/>
        <!-- <module name="DesignForExtension"/> -->
        <module name="HideUtilityClassConstructor"/>       
        <!-- <module name="VisibilityModifier"/> -->


        <!-- Checks for common coding problems               -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_coding.html -->
        <module name="AvoidInlineConditionals"/>
        <module name="DoubleCheckedLocking"/>    <!-- MY FAVOURITE -->
        <module name="EmptyStatement"/>
        <!-- <module name="EqualsHashCode"/> -->
        <!-- <module name="HiddenField"/>  -->
        <module name="IllegalInstantiation"/>
        <module name="InnerAssignment"/>
        <!-- <module name="MagicNumber"/> -->
        <module name="MissingSwitchDefault"/>
        <!-- <module name="RedundantThrows">
            <property name="logLoadErrors" value="true"/>
            <property name="suppressLoadErrors" value="true"/>
        </module> -->
        <module name="SimplifyBooleanExpression"/>
        <module name="SimplifyBooleanReturn"/>
       
       
        <!-- Checks for imports                              -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_import.html -->
        <module name="AvoidStarImport"/>
        <module name="IllegalImport"/> <!-- defaults to sun.* packages -->
        <module name="RedundantImport"/>
        <module name="UnusedImports"/>

               

        <!-- Checks for Javadoc comments.                     -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_javadoc.html -->
        <module name="JavadocType">
            <property name="excludeScope" value="private"/>
            <property name="scope" value="nothing"/>
        </module>
        <module name="JavadocMethod">
            <property name="allowMissingJavadoc" value="true"/>
            <property name="logLoadErrors" value="true"/>
            <property name="suppressLoadErrors" value="true"/>
        </module>       
        <module name="JavadocVariable">
            <property name="excludeScope" value="private"/>
            <property name="scope" value="nothing"/>
        </module>
        <module name="JavadocStyle">
            <property name="checkFirstSentence" value="false"/>
            <property name="checkHtml" value="false"/>
        </module>


        <!-- Checks for Headers                                -->
        <!-- See
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_header.html    -->
        <!-- <module name="Header">                            -->
            <!-- The follow property value demonstrates the ability     -->
            <!-- to have access to ANT properties. In this case it uses -->
            <!-- the ${basedir} property to allow Checkstyle to be run  -->
            <!-- from any directory within a project. See property      -->
            <!-- expansion,                                             -->
            <!--
http://checkstyle.sf.net/config.html#properties         -->
            <!-- <property                                              -->
            <!--     name="headerFile"                                  -->
            <!--     value="${basedir}/java.header"/>                   -->
        <!-- </module> -->

        <!-- Following interprets the header file as regular expressions. -->
        <!-- <module name="RegexpHeader"/>                                -->


    </module>

</module>

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